The Federal Association of Otolaryngologists in Germany said that glandular fever is a common viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, which belongs to the herpes virus family, and which is transmitted mainly through saliva, for example by kissing or sharing cutlery.
The virus initially infects the cells of the mucous membranes in the nasopharynx, then white blood cells, which can transmit it to the lymph nodes, spleen and liver. In rare cases, the virus can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta during pregnancy.
Symptoms
The association explained that the symptoms of glandular fever are similar to the symptoms of influenza or tonsillitis, which are:
– Fever (often lasts for several days).
– Sore throat and swollen tonsils with a white coating.
– Extreme fatigue and exhaustion.
– Enlarged lymph nodes (in the neck, armpits, and groin).
– Headache and body aches.
– Loss of appetite.
– Skin rash (especially after treatment with penicillin).
Serious complications
The association warned that glandular fever may lead to serious complications, including:
– Enlarged spleen: Therefore, any physical effort must be completely avoided during the acute phase (risk of spleen rupture).
About 10% of people with glandular fever develop a secondary streptococcal infection.
– Meningitis.
– Myocarditis.
– Kidney infection.
– Hepatitis.
– Some types of cancer, such as Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Treatment
There is no causal cure for Epstein-Barr virus, but rather treatment aims to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. The recommended actions are:
– Rest and adequate sleep to support the immune system.
– Antipyretics (such as paracetamol or ibuprofen) to treat high fever.
– Drink plenty of fluids and eat light foods rich in vitamins.
– Gargling solutions or lozenges to relieve sore throat.
– Refrain from physical exertion, especially sports, for at least 4 weeks.
Even after symptoms disappear, physical activity should be increased gradually; Since the spleen may remain enlarged for a long time, the risk of spleen rupture remains.