A recent study revealed that the effectiveness of antibodies in stimulating immune cells depends greatly on the percentage of the number of antibodies to the number of viral proteins, and this discovery opens new horizons to improve vaccines and treatments of some diseases.
The study was conducted by researchers from the California Research Institute in the United States of America, and published on April 22nd in the magazine “Sil Ribors”, and wrote about the “Yurik Alrt” website.
Antibodies play a pivotal role in the battle of the body against viruses and bacteria, not only in identifying and disrupting pathogens, but also in stimulating the rest of the immune system components to attack them.
The antibodies are characterized by the form of a branching -like “Y” (Y “, as their limbs are associated with viral proteins, while their lower parts -known as FC (FC” (FC) interacts with other immune cells such as balsamic cells and normal killer cells.
Balanti cells and normal killer cells play the role of destroying infected cells, whether by swallowing them or by secreting toxic substances for their death, but the question that has been baffling scientists is: What are the factors that determine the effectiveness of this interaction between antibodies and immune cells?
How many antibody you need?
In this study, the researchers focused on a protein called “ENV” protein on the surface of HIV (which causes AIDS), which is the protein that the virus uses to invade cells in the body.
After a series of experiments, the researchers found that the most influential factor in activating the immune cells was the percentage of the number of antibodies to viral protein, both immune cells (perishable and deadly) became more destructive when three antibodies were associated with a group of “EN” proteins, while the balictive cells showed a low level of activity with one antibiotic, and the natural cells did not respond almost in almost only in The presence of at least two antibiotics.
These results are not limited to HIV, but may extend to the therapeutic antibodies used in the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases, and if it is proven that the increase in the percentage of antibodies to cancer cells enhances their effectiveness, it may become a decisive factor in the design of future medicines.