The German Society for Gastroenterology and Metabolism said that non-relaxation of the esophageal sphincter is a rare disease that occurs due to disorders in the muscles and nerve pathways in the lower part of the esophagus, where the nerves are no longer able to control muscle movements properly.
The association explained that these disorders have several causes, such as autoimmune processes and viral infections, in addition to the presence of a tumor in the esophagus.
Symptoms of non-relaxation of the esophageal sphincter
- Swallowing difficulties
- Frequent burping
- Feeling cramping pain behind the sternum
- Heartburn
- Repeated choking after burping food
- Cough
- sore throat
- Hoarseness
- Bad breath
- Weight loss
A doctor should be consulted immediately upon noticing these symptoms to undergo timely treatment, since failure to relax the esophageal sphincter increases the risk of pneumonia, due to stomach contents entering the respiratory system.
Treatment
Esophageal sphincter non-relaxation is treated by expanding the area surrounding the esophageal sphincter with a balloon as part of esophagoscopy.
If balloon dilatation is not successful, sphincterotomy is performed, where the doctor performs esophagoscopy and divides the internal muscles of the lower esophageal sphincter using a tool.
Botulinum toxin injections into the lower esophageal sphincter can also be used, in addition to surgery.