The past 25 years have witnessed many prominent discoveries in efforts to make progress in fighting cancer, a disease that humanity has known for thousands of years.
Here we learn about some of the main stations in the history of cancer research:
1775: Small chimneys and healing cells
Perseval Pot identified a relationship between exposure to chimney soot and the rate of healing cell cancer in the scrotum between chimney cleaning workers. His report is the first report that clearly links environmental exposure to cancer development.
1863: inflammation and cancer
Rudolph Vercho identified white blood cells (white cells) in cancerous tissues, discovering the first link between inflammation and cancer. Verso also formulated the term “leukemia”, and was the first to describe the increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood of this disease.
1882: The first radical eradication of breast cancer
William Haltement performed the first radical eradication of breast cancer. This surgical procedure remained the standard surgical procedure for breast cancer until the second half of the twentieth century.
1886: Inheritance of the risk of cancer
Brazilian ophthalmologist Hillario de Jovia provided the first documented evidence that cancer can be transmitted from one of the parents to the child. He reported that two of 7 children were born to a father who was successfully treated from the malignant retin tumor in the eye in children, also suffered from the disease.
1895: The first X -ray image
Wilhelm Runjen discovered X -rays. The first X -ray image was the image of his wife’s hand.
1898: radium and polonium
Mary and Pierre Curie discovered the two elements of radium and polonium. In a few years, radium began to use cancer.
1899: The first use of radiotherapy to treat cancer
The Swedish Tor Steinbek and Cage Sugrin described the first cases of basal cell cancer and the healing cells of the skin in the skin that were cured using X -ray therapy.
1902: Cancer tumors and single cells affected by chromosomes
Theodore Bouviri suggested that cancerous tumors emerge from single cells that were damaged by chromosomes, and pointed out that chromosomes changes cause cell division unlimited.
1909: Immune Control
Paul Erlich suggested that the immune system usually discourages the formation of tumors, a concept known as the “immune control” hypothesis. This proposal has led to research, which is still ongoing today, to harness the strength of the immune system to combat cancer.
1911: Cancer in chicken
Biton Ross discovered a virus that causes cancer in the chicken (Sarkoma Ross virus), stressing that some types of cancer are caused by infectious factors.
1915: Cancer in rabbits
Katsusaburo Yamagua and Kitchi Ichikawa raised cancer in rabbits by applying coal drops on its skin, providing empirical evidence that chemicals can cause cancer.
1928: The cervical tin
George Papanicolao discovered the ability to detect cervical cancer by examining cells from the vagina under a microscope. This discovery led to the development of a door test, which allows the discovery of abnormal cervical cells and removed before they turned into a cancerous.
1932: Root nomination for the treatment of breast cancer
David E developed. Patty is a numerous mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer. This surgical procedure is less distorted than radical mastectomy, and it was ultimately replaced as a standard surgical treatment for breast cancer.
1937: Breast preservation surgery is followed by radiotherapy
Sir Jeffrey Keynes described breast cancer treatment as breast conservation surgery followed by radiotherapy. After tumor removal surgery, long needles containing radium across the affected breast and near the neighboring armpit lymph nodes.
1941: hormonal therapy
Charles Hagins has discovered that the testes eradication to reduce testosterone production or to give estrogen causes prostate tumors to decline. This hormonal manipulation – known as hormonal therapy – remains a basic pillar in the treatment of prostate cancer.
1950: Smoking cigarettes and lung cancer
Ernest Winnder, Everts Graham, and Richard, identified cigarette smoking countries as an important factor in lung cancer.
1953: The first complete healing of a human solid tumor
Roy Hirtz and Mine Cio Lee achieved the first complete cure of a human solid tumor using chemotherapy when they used metroxate to treat a patient with placenta cancer, a rare cancer that affects the genital tissue and maintains women mainly.
1958: Complex chemotherapy
Researchers from the National Cancer Institute, Emile Fry, Emile Frywich, James Hollande, and their colleagues have shown that the chemotherapy compound with real estate 6-ullastoborine and metotricate can occur partially and fully, and prolongs the period of survival in children and adults with acute leukemia.
1964: Epstein Barr virus
For the first time, the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) – is associated with human cancer (Purkitt). It turned out later that the Epstein Bar virus causes many other types of cancer, including nasopharynx cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, and some stomach cancers.
1978: Tamoxifen
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved Tamoxifen, an anti -steroid drug that was originally developed as a method of contraception, to treat breast cancer. Tamoxifen is the first drug category known as selective estrogen receptor rates (Serms), which depends on the treatment of cancer.
1984: Discover Jin Her2
Researchers discovered Gina and a new throw in mice cells called “Neu”. The human version of this gene, which is called Her2 (and ERB2), is excessively expressed in about 20% to 25% of breast cancers (known as HER2 positive breast cancers), and are associated with the development of the disease more aggressively and bad expectations for recovery.
1993: Guaak test for hidden blood in stool (Fobt)
The results of a clinical trial supported by the National Cancer Institute showed that the annual examination using the Gaiak test of hidden blood in the stool (FOBT) can reduce the mortality of colon and rectum cancer by about 33%.
2003: The experience of preventing prostate cancer, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute in the United States
The results of the experience of preventing prostate cancer, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (PCPT), showed that Vinastraide, which reduces the production of male hormones in the body, reduces the risk of men in prostate cancer by approximately 25%.
2010: The first vaccine for cancer treatment in humans
The US Food and Drug Administration has agreed to the Sipuleucel-T vaccine, a cancer treatment vaccine that is made using the cells of the patient’s immune system (censual cells), to treat metastian prostate cancer, which no longer responds to hormonal therapy. It is the first vaccine (and so far) to treat cancer in humans depends.
2014: DNA analysis in cancer
Researchers from the Atlas of Cancer atlas (TCGA), a joint effort between the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute for Human Genome Research for DNA analysis and other molecular changes in more than 30 species of human cancers, found that stomach cancer is in fact 4 different diseases, not only one disease, based on different tumor properties. This result from the Atlas of Cancer atlas and other relevant studies.
These projects may lead to a new classification system for cancer, in which cancer is classified according to its molecular distortions, in addition to the location of origin, in the organ or fabric.
2016: “Moon Shot” initiative to combat cancer
The US Congress approved the twenty -century Treatment Law, which funds the “Moon Shot” Cancer initiative, a large -scale program to accelerate cancer research by investing in specific research initiatives that has the ability to make a qualitative shift in caring for cancer patients, detecting and preventing it.
2017: Car-T-Cell
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved the drug “Tesaginlelosil” to treat an acute lymphatic leukemia in some children and youth. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) later agreed to the Axicapagin cellulosel medicine to treat large bi -bi -bi -cells, whose cancer has evolved after receiving at least two previous treatment systems.
Both remedies are treatments for T -cell cells with the receptors of the Cemarian antigens (CAR) designed specifically for each patient. To produce these treatments, the cells are removed from the patient, genetically adjusted to identify cancer antigens, are planted in large numbers in the laboratory, then returned to the patient to stimulate his immune system to attack cancer cells.
2020: Liquid biopsy
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved the first blood tests to determine the genetic changes associated with cancer by wiping the DNA that tumors in the blood.
These tests are usually defined as liquid dazzling, and can be used to assess the genetic properties of the DNA secreted by solid tumors, or as a diagnostic tool to determine the effectiveness of some treatments in patients.
2022: Assistant immunotherapy
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved Nifolomab (Obdivo), the first immune treatment to be given before surgery to treat non -small cell lung cancer.
Additional studies on immunotherapy before surgery showed its effectiveness in treating head and neck cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, and other types of cancer.
2023: A comprehensive protein genomic data collection for all types of cancer
National Institutes of Health (NIH) has released a comprehensive collection of data that includes a unified genomine, photographic, and larker data from individual studies for more than a thousand tumors in 10 types of cancer.
This group available to the public enables researchers from all over the world to discover new molecular visions on how the cancers have emerged and their development.