The German Neurological Society said that cervical dystonia is a medical condition that occurs due to a defect in movement control that originates in the brain, specifically in the network of the basal ganglia, the cerebellum, and the cerebral cortex, that is, the control circuits in the brain, which are important for movement processes.
The association explained that this defect leads to involuntary movement of the head and neck, noting that the uncontrolled movement occurs due to sudden muscle contractions (spasms), and appears in the form of a side tilt, twisting, or bending forward or backward.
Brain injury
The association added that cervical dystonia results from several causes, including genetic mutations and damage or injury to the brain or muscles of the neck and throat.
The disorder can also occur due to long-term use of some medications, such as psychiatric medications such as antipsychotic medications. Psychological stress and emotional problems can sometimes worsen cervical dystonia.
Treatment methods
Although cervical dystonia is considered incurable, it is possible to alleviate symptoms with injections of botulinum toxin, which works to relax the muscles and thus resist uncontrollable movements in the neck.
Treatment also includes physical therapy and drug therapy such as tranquilizers, anticholinergics, and muscle relaxants, in addition to epilepsy or Parkinson’s medications.
In severe cases, deep brain stimulation may be used, where small electrodes are inserted into the brain. Electrical stimulation can affect signaling pathways and reduce or prevent excessive movements.